how to use linux

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ubuntu 更换源

  • 备份/etc/apt/sources.list
  • 更改/etc/apt/sources.list

中科大源

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deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新命令 

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

阿里源 

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deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

网易163源 

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deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源 
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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# ubuntu下crontab启动，重启，关闭命令

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#检查是否已经开启 cron
sudo service cron status

启动：/etc/init.d/cron start ( service cron start )
重启：/etc/init.d/cron restart ( service cron restart )
关闭：/etc/init.d/cron stop ( service cron stop )

bash设置代理

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export https_proxy=10.0.0.52:8080
export https_proxy=user:pass@192.158.8.8:8080
export https_proxy=socks://10.0.0.52:1080
export https_proxy=socks4://10.0.0.52:1080
export https_proxy=socks5://10.0.0.52:1080

linux 添加用户

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useradd -m getianmeng
passwd getianmeng W4v1iQt*****************

添加yum的root执行权限 

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#vim sudoers
cd /etc/sudoers.d
getianmeng ALL=(root) /usr/bin/yum

lnmp

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php -S 0.0.0.0:8080 index.php

sudo service nginx reload
sudo service nginx restart

sudo service php-fpm reload
sudo service php-fpm restart


mysqldump  -h 10.0.1.90 -u username  -p  -P 3306 --no-data  --skip-lock-table --databases databaseName > dump.sql
mysql -h 10.0.2.72 -u username -p -P 3306 bookorder < dump.sql 

*
ssh-keygen -t rsa 
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

多彩日志

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tail -f test_stub.log |  perl -pe 's/(500)|(200)|(404)|(error)/\e[1;31m$1\e\e[1;32m$2\e\e[1;36m$3\e\e[1;31m$4\e[0m/g'  

echo -e "\033[30m 黑色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[31m 红色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[32m 绿色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[33m 黄色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[34m 蓝色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[35m 紫色字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[36m 天蓝字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[37m 白色字 \033[0m"

echo -e "\033[40;37m 黑底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[41;37m 红底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[42;37m 绿底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[43;37m 黄底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[44;37m 蓝底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[45;37m 紫底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[46;37m 天蓝底白字 \033[0m"
echo -e "\033[47;30m 白底黑字 \033[0m"

ifconfig 命令不存在

ifconfig为 net-tools包中的软件，需要下载net-tools。如果查找apt search ifconfig可能会找不到对应的软件 

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apt-get install net-tools

日志过滤

2019-07-02T22:18:09+08:00 发现腾讯云上的mysql被删库了，原因是lnmp预装的phpadmin没有做隐藏处理，被攻击者猜到了，下面是一句日志过滤的语句 

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cat access.log | awk '{a[$1]+=1;} END {for(i in a){print a[i]" "i;}}' | sort -t " " -k 1 -n

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sudo apt install net-tools

netstat  -anp  |grep 

ps -aux | grep 'xxx'

多用户

因为公司对git user.name git user.email 以及 ssh 的生成有要求。所以采用多用户配置

可以创建一个文件写入 

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hwork:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/hwork:/usr/bin/zsh

之后 addusers < waitadduserlist.txt。这样就可以创建好了

之后可以用root设置密码

sudo passwd hwork

当然你也可以删除这个用户的密码

sudo passwd -d hwork

这样你在切换用户的时候可以直接 su hwork，就不用再此输入密码了

切换后的 git 和 ssh 与之前的用户是独立的。所以可以在这个用户下配置工作需要的一些属性。这样就不用修改原有的用户名和邮箱了。就可以将工作和个人信息隔离开了。（完美）

nohup &

nohup:
不挂断的运行 &:
后台运行